Quiz
Using Cullen & Jonson chapter 5 & the article (72 Prison J. 8 (1992) – California’s Prison Policy Causes, Costs, and Consequences, Petersilia, Joan – [ 29 pages, 8 to 36 ]) answer the 20 multiple choice questions.
For short essay question 21 (500-600 words) use Cullen and Jonson chapter 5, the article (72 Prison J. 8 (1992) – California’s Prison Policy Causes, Costs, and Consequences, Petersilia, Joan – [ 29 pages, 8 to 36 ]), and an essay strengthening Bible verse (quote and then use laymen’s terms for relatability).
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Question 1
In the State of the State address by Arnold Schwarzenegger, which of the following statements did he make regarding mass incarceration?
– there should be financial increase in prison investment
– resources invested in mass incarceration have been shown to make communities safer
– resources should be invested in higher education rather than prisons
– that mass incarceration was only something that happened in the movies
Question 2
The Brown v. Plata U.S. Supreme Court case in 2011 issued a decision that required California to do which of the following?
– to maintain their prison population
– to provide individualized treatment to all inmates
– to build more prisons to hold more inmates
– to drastically reduce its prison population
Question 3
What was the purpose of the Public Safety Realignment Act?
– to have more convicted offenders penalized in local counties than transferred to the state system
– to make sure that offenders are completely safe prior to being returned to the community
– to invest in more public safety officials to protect the community
– to provide programs that increase interactions between offenders and community members
Question 4
Which of the following statements describes the incapacitation effect?
– the amount of crime prevented by providing treatment to offenders
– the negative reaction offenders have if they are kept behind bars for too long
– the amount of crime prevented by keeping offenders behind bars
– the community member’ negative perceptions of offenders increases once offenders are behind bars
Question 5
Regarding incarceration rates in the United States, which of the following is not an observation of the current use of imprisonment?
– other nations do not use prisons nearly as much as we do
– the crime rate is extremely low due to the high incarceration rate
– the United State’s incarceration rate is high because we want it that way
– because the size of the prison population is a choice, Americans could decide to use imprisonment more judiciously
Question 6
The crime trend after 1970 did which of the following?
– started on a steep downward trajectory
– remained stable
– had a sharp decline and then plateaued
– started on a steep upward trajectory
Question 7
Incapacitation affects offenders by doing which of the following?
– changes who offenders are
– puts offenders in a cage
– makes offender seek to restore victims to their original state
– makes offenders worry about getting punished
Question 8
Which of the following statements about collective incapacitation is true?
– we take everybody in a specific area and put them in prison
– we take everybody who falls into a certain category and provide treatment
– we take everybody who falls into a certain category and put them in prison
– we take everybody in a certain age range who falls into a certain category and put them in prison
Question 9
Which of the following is an example of selective incapacitation?
– taking all offenders regardless of prior record and putting them in prison for the same amount of time
– taking all male offenders and putting them in prison for the same amount of time
– taking repeat youth burglars and putting them in prison for less time than first time youth burglars
– taking repeat armed robbers and putting them in prison longer than first time armed robbers
Question 10
Which of the following statements is not a problem with prediction instruments when implementing selective incapacitation at the time of sentencing?
– the instrument would have to out-predict the judge
– the instrument can only include certain factors or predictors
– the instrument would have to guide sentencing decisions
– the instrument is likely to rely on static factors
Question 11
Which of the following statements about self-report surveys to estimate the incapacitation effect is true?
– the study could come up with different counts of how many crimes people commit depending on what offenses are listed
– the way in which questions are asked has little impact on the survey
– since surveys are anonymous people are honest in all of their responses
– surveys can be given to inmates at any time since they remember all of the crimes they have committed
Question 12
When estimating the incapacitation effect from self-report surveys, which of the following values is not influenced by cases that are outliers?
– standard deviation
– median
– mode
– mean
Question 13
According to Sweeten and Apel (2007) who examined 262 cases of individuals incarcerated between the ages of 16 and 19, which of the following statements is true?
– there was a meaningful incapacitation effect for both juvenile and adults
– juveniles were more likely to recidivate than adults
– the incapacitation effect was not significantly different from zero for juveniles or adults
– only adults had a meaningful incapacitation effect
Question 14
Which of the following statements is an example of the aging effect?
– James was a juvenile delinquent and has remained a criminal today
– James was always a good kid who never got into trouble but started committing crime as an adult
– James was always a good kid and never got into much trouble
– James was a juvenile delinquent but no longer commits crime
Question 15
Which of the following effects works by filling an offender’s place once they are incarcerated?
– labeling effect
– replacement effect
– aging effect
– incapacitation effect
Question 16
Which of the following is an example of a bottom-up approach?
– obtaining state-level crime rates
– collecting information on delinquent behavior through a self-report survey
– calculating the amount of crime at a university
– gathering crime rates for a neighborhood
Question 17
Which of the following statements about elasticity is true?
– the percentage change in the prison population associated with a change in elected officals
– the percentage change in the crime rate associated with a 1% change in the total population
– the percentage change in violent offending associated with a change in the total population
– the percentage change in the crime rate associated with a 1% change in the prison population
Question 18
According to Spelman’s estimate based on the most rigorous macro-level studies available, the incapacitation effect:
– can be large if we decide to have large increases in the size of our prisons
– is not large even if many offenders are placed in prison
– is not much different from zero and has little effect on crime rates
– is strong even with fewer offenders incarcerated
Question 19
Kovandzic and Vieraitis (2006) examined 58 Florida counties form 1980 to 2000 and found:
– increases in prison population growth were related with decreases in crime rates
– increases in crime rates were related with increases in prison populations growth
– increases in prison population growth were not related with decreases in crime rates
– increases in prison population growth were related with increases in crime rates
Question 20
According to Liedka, Piehl, and Useem (2006), the expansion of prisons:
– prevented crime in the early years, bu their effects have reached a point of diminishing returns
– have had no effect on crime rates
– were less effective in the early years, but have prevented more crimes in recent years
– have increased crime rates with each prison expansion
Question 21
Describe the three issues when trying to study the incapacitation effect. How do each of these issues propose to affect the amount of crime prevented (or not) that are separate from incapacitation?